HUMAN BODY ANATOMY PICTURES

In principle, if we use the so-called grid method to draw the human figure, we would need very little knowledge of the anatomy of the figure. Good observation (or "seeing") together with the support of the grid suffices to render an anatomically consistent drawing.

However, using the grid method implies that we have a photograph of the subject so that we can draw a grid on it. If you want to draw people on the fly (for example, in the mall or a restaurant) the grid method does not apply. It is here that your anatomical knowledge will come in handy.

Why is this so? Well, it is a fact that all surface features (i.e., the forms the artist is supposed to draw) of the body are determined by what lies beneath the surface. That means, the forms to be drawn are determined by the underlying bone and muscle structures. So, a minimal understanding of those underlying features is in order.

Anatomical knowledge lets you draw every feature of the body with more confidence. Also, when for some reason (e.g., lack of time or clarity) you cannot directly observe certain aspects of the figure you are drawing, you can fill in the gaps by relying on your anatomical knowledge. In fact, this knowledge should serve you well even when using the grid method. Sometimes it is difficult to sort out the different coalescing forms. Very often, observation together with anatomical knowledge will allow you to solve the puzzle.

Anatomy can be studied in many different ways. One logical approach is to start with the bone structure. We could learn the minimum amount about the bone structure necessary to go to the next step, i.e., the muscle structure. From the muscle structure we can easily progress to the surface features it represents. So, a logical progression to study the anatomy of a certain body feature is (1) study the underlying bone structure, (2) from here glide into the study of the corresponding muscle structure, and (3) finally, see how the bone and muscle structures shape the surface feature itself.

It is to be understood that the study of anatomy for the artist is not the same as a "medical" treatise. The point is that for the artist it is the surface feature that is ultimately of concern. Therefore, everything you learn about anatomy should be in function of the ultimate goal, i.e., improving the artist's ability to draw the surface features of the body.

A word of caution. Drawing the correct anatomy should never become a goal in itself. It should remain an aid to being convincing in your drawings. In other words, there is no gain in trying to be anatomically correct at all costs if you are going to loose your identity in the process. Ultimately, through much practice, your anatomical knowledge should become second nature and be incorporated in your style. Your style should not be cramped by trying to be anatomically correct. The body is more than just anatomy. The sum of the parts is always more than the parts by themselves.

Step 1

Decide whether you are passionate about human anatomy and physiology and whether you are willing to commit yourself to this goal. Do you feel that you can commit passionately to the study of anatomy; do you feel a fire burning inside you? If yes, you are good to go. If no, maybe this is not for you and you should find another goal to pursue.

Step 2

Commit to hard work and studying many hours to learn the basics.

Step 3

Find good study material and resources that can teach you the basics.

• The question may then be what makes for good study material. There are many anatomy books and human anatomy courses available on the internet. Search for something that has been written by an expert with detailed illustrations, human anatomy diagrams and drawings, and pictures. Make sure the lesson plans are easy to follow with lesson objectives, simple explanations summary of key facts and revision exercises and solutions to check your understanding.


• The second question should then be, as a minimum what should be covered in the anatomy course. Obviously it should cover anatomy and then physiology and both the anatomy and physiology lessons should be broken into lessons that cover the different body systems. Medical terminology is very important and a good course will make the learning of medical terminology simple.

Step 4

Decide how to study. Now this will be easy if you have a good human anatomy course to follow, just follow the lesson plan in the human anatomy course. Further remember that the human body is made up of various systems for example the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system and so on. These systems ultimately work as a whole and interact in many ways with each other. Firstly you need to study the structure of each system, then the functions of each system and then the connections and interactions between the systems.

Step 5

Buckle down and study system by system. Your course material should support your learning by supplementing each module with illustrations, human anatomy diagrams and drawings, pictures, associations, quizzes and programmed learning. Remember to regularly test your knowledge and use as many tools as possible to help you remember what you learn.

Step 6

Once you've covered all the anatomy and physiology or workings of each body system look at the connections and interactions between the systems and it is time to see the human body as a whole. A good human anatomy course will integrate these systems and elements for you seamlessly.

Step 7

Continue to read and continue to learn.

These seven steps can be implemented by you too! Yes, learning anatomy and physiology is a hard work but if you are passionate about human anatomy, it is really worth the time and effort. I would like to leave you with my final thought - it may take you some years to learn human anatomy but mastering the it will take a lifetime of dedication...

I remember being about 10 and sitting with a book turning transparencies over one by one building layers of the body. On top of the illustration of the skeleton were several pages of the viscera placing the organs in their proper location. Next were diagrams of the nerves, the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, the muscles going into place and finally layers of skin and hair. We were, of course, fascinated by the different organs of the male and female anatomy.

The oldest three of us also saw real brains and organs when Dad "babysat" for us at the anatomy lab where he was dissecting his cadaver. I still remember him dipping his hand into a vat of fluid and pulling out this "thing" telling is companion, "He had a funny shaped brain, didn't he."

We'd also viewed slides under the microscope that had stains of bacteria, blood cells and more. Because we were so fascinated by the slides, he gave us our own little set to play with. He was very clear we weren't to touch the others.

I'm sure you've seen many pictures of the human body and all its organs. You've also seen photos of cells and diagrams of the smallest parts of the cell. Then there are the representations of the atoms with the electrons and neutrons circling the nucleus.

You've seen enough to be able to imagine what's underneath your skin down to the cellular level.

I was almost 40 when I learned there were not only physical parts of the body we could see through medical means, there are also energy parts of the body some could see through what is called higher sense perception.

The energy body also has its gross anatomy down to its correlation to the cellular level. We have the capabilities to measure the effects of the energy body and to freeze the aura in time through a photograph, but we only have drawings of what the energy body looks like.

Just as you have a skin, you also have what is called the aura. There are layers of the aura each coming from a part of the energy body knows as chakras. Generally, seven layers of the aura are discussed in relationship to seven different chakras.

The seven basic chakras begin at the base of the spine and move up the body. The seven layers of the healthy aura begin at the skin and extend out to your finger tips if you were to extend your arms as far as can.

Just as each organ in your body has a structure, each aura has a type of structure. Layers 1, 3, 5 and 7 have a more organized structure than layers 2, 4 and 6. When you learn to feel the layers, and yes, you can learn, the odd numbered layers feel firmer, more organized, than the even numbered layers. The best way I can describe the even numbered layers is they feel more like going through a fog.

The chakras themselves have layers. Within each chakra is the energy of each of the other chakra. The first level of the chakra, which relates to the first chakra, is the one closest to the spine. The seventh level, correlating to the seventh chakra, is the outer level.

Within the body the energy anatomy continues with the 12 major meridians and numerous acupuncture points along those energy channels. When a meridian is blocked, there are physical repercussions.

One of the more common blockages is experienced by women who have C-sections or hysterectomies. They will complain of extreme indigestion since the surgery. The surgeons, not aware of or interested in the meridians, say the indigestion is not a result of the surgery. In fact it is the direct result of cutting the meridian. Repair the meridian and the indigestion goes away.

The smallest structures in the energy field are known as encodements. Think of these as being the computer operating system of your life. The encodements determine your likes and dislikes, gifts and challenges and more. Just as with other parts of your energy anatomy, you are also able to work with encodements and change or repair them.

If you need to fix something within your physical body, you go to someone with the skill and training to do so. There are also those trained in working with the energy body. Acupuncturists are the most widely known. Others are trained in working with various parts of the energy body, just as physical health care practitioners work with various aspects of the physical body.

At present, diagrams and software for the body can give detailed images that are capable of showing everyone parts of the body that might not have been seen previously by patients or even students within the medical line of work. The human anatomy diagrams exhibit the complexity of the critical organs and give views of cells and tissues. They give an in depth image of the human composition,in turn will help students, teachers, and medicinal professionals.

One of the most complicated tasks that health professionals face throughout their interaction with patients is helping them understand the problems and how to encourage them concerning the diagnosis and remedy available. All of this has been made much easier due to the assistance of human anatomy diagrams.

At this stage, doctors can effortlessly explain to the patients the issues of their body, which was troublesome to do when using pictures that are two dimensional. Now they can benefit from the diagrams,charts and software to help on a daily basis so that patients understand the diagnosis and the exact location of their problematic area.The visual presentation is also beneficial to the patient as it makes her or him less stressed about the possibilities, especially when he or she is not in understanding of human anatomy.

With difficult surgeries it is from time to time a demanding task for doctors. With the help of the detailing provided by the human anatomy diagrams and software, they can without difficulty help themselves and others with the surgical procedures to come. The sequences, which are in no way witnessed with our bare eyes, can promptly be illustrated in these reproductions. It is also very easy to inspect all parts of the body in fantastic detail.

The bottom line is that this program gives you access to years of study with lessons and course resources,human anatomy diagrams and even tests and solutions.It also contains everything that you will have to know to pass your nursing or paramedic training class.This is a must have for everyone in the paramedic and EMT fields,an injury law attorney or even chiropractors and therapists.

Basic Eye Anatomy

The eye consists of 11 basic parts, all of which have a vital role in the vision process. The basic anatomy of the eye includes the iris, cornea, pupil, lens, sclera, ciliary body, choroid, optic nerve, macula, retina and vitreous. Light enters through the cornea, which is the region of the sclera that is transparent. It provides the eye with the power to focus and is also the part of the eye where contact lenses are placed. The color of your eye, or the colored iris, is located behind the cornea and is visible only because the cornea is transparent.

In the center of the iris is the pupil, which is the dark and round opening in the center. It has control over how much light enters into the eye by dilating the size of the pupil in conditions of dim light and constricting in conditions of bright light. The lens also provides some focusing power within the eye and is located directly behind the pupil. The shape of the lens changes to bring objects into focus-such as when you are reading-and muscles contract that are located in the ciliary body. After a while, the muscles lose the ability to change shape and the lens becomes rigid which leads to a need for glasses.

Light images are converted into electric pulses by photosynthesis cells that make up the retina. These electric pulses then travel to the brain through the optic nerve. Fine detailing is accomplished by the macula, which is a specialized area that is located in the center of the retina. The clarity of vision is determined by a combination of factors: the length of the eye and the focusing power of both the lens and the cornea. Vision is clear if these three factors match perfectly together; when they do not, this creates vision problems.

Sclera

The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the protector of more sensitive parts of the inner eye, such as the choroid and the retina. Most of the depth of the sclera is 0.03-inch thick, but it is no more than 0.01-inch thick where the straight eye muscles connect. There are six muscles in each eye that control the movements, but four are referred to as the straight eye muscles. The sclera is nourished with nutrients and oxygen through blood vessels located in the episclera, which is located on top of the sclera.

Choroid

The choroid provides the retina with a nourishment of nutrients and oxygen through a network of blood vessels. It is located within the sclera and is responsible for providing the anterior part of the optic nerve as well as the macula with the blood supply they depend on. When there is an abnormal growth of blood vessels, an eye condition called macular degeneration occurs, beginning in the choroid and going to the retina through the Bruchs Membrane. Because of a weaker structure, this causes edemas due to the bleeding or rupturing of the weakened vessels.

Retina

The retina is in the back of the eyeball and is the light-sensitive tissue that contains two types of light receptors: cones and rods. The cones generally absorb the stronger light and are color-sensitive, located in the retina's center. The rods absorb black and white in soft light and are next to the fovea. Retinal detachment, or amotio retinae, is a serious eye condition that produces symptoms such as light flashes or vision loss that can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.

Iris

The iris has control over how much light enters into the eye; the muscles of the iris sphincter with contract with strong light and will dilate with dim light. The diameter of the iris expands when focusing on an object far away and narrows when focusing on near objects-this is called the accommodation reflex. The eye color is a direct relation to the type and amount of pigments in a person's iris. Green is the least common color while brown is the most common.

Cornea

The cornea covers the anterior chamber, the pupil and the iris. It is transparent and contains two-thirds or 40 of the 60 diopters in the eye. It is supplied with nutrients and oxygen through tear fluid instead of blood vessels, which explains why it is so clear. Blood vessels can appear in the cornea though if there is an oxygen deficiency which can happen from overusing contact lenses. This can cause partial vision loss if the vessels grow too close to the center. Surgical procedures can be performed to correct eye conditions of the cornea such as astigmatism, hyperopia and myopia.

Pupil

The pupil is the hole in the center of the eye that absorbs major parts of light, which is the reason it is black. When they appear red in pictures, it is due to the reflection of the retina.

Vitreous Body

This part of the eye is located behind the lens and fills the eye with a clear and gel-like substance. The vitreous body shrinks as you gets older and can detach from the retina as the body decreases in size. Vitreous body detachment is generally not a dangerous condition, but can become dangerous if it drags along the retina.

Lens

One-third of the eye's diopters obtain their power in the lens while the remainder is in the cornea. The lens is the part of the eye that allows you to change focus depending on the distance of an object whether it is across the room or directly in front of your face. It is attached to zonula threads which are attached to the ciliary body. When focusing on a near object, the ciliary body contracts, which allows the zonula threads to loosen and the lens to increase its acuity by thickening in diameter while contracting. Cataracts is an eye condition that is age-related and results in blurry vision as the most common symptom. The treatment for cataracts is generally surgically removing and replacing the lens.

Ciliary Body

The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for controlling the vision accommodation reflex. The body is also an attachment point for the zonula threads and produces aqueous fluid.

Optic Nerve

The optic nerve is responsible for sending signals to different areas of the brain from the eye in order to create images. It consists of about one million nerve threads and the nerves from both eyes are connected behind them so that the left field of vision is sent to the right hemisphere of the brain and vice verse.

Macula

The macula consists of visual cells that are closely packed resulting in high visual acuity, or high image resolution. These cells are not as closely packed around the macula as they are inside of the actual macula, but they control how well the peripheral vision works and is good enough for it to work properly. Macular degeneration is a common eye disease that occurs among the elderly and is separated into two categories: wet and dry. Wet is more serious than dry, but is also treatable with FDA-approved drugs while dry is not treatable and is the most common.

Parts of the Human Anatomy

Study guides for anatomy help you to learn and remember all the parts of the human anatomy and physiology. Most college courses start an anatomy course with an introduction to basic human physiology, which is also what a software college anatomy study guide should focus on to help students and professionals ease into the learning process. Each part of the human body should be introduced, starting from the most basic level of the physiology of cells and tissues, continuing with the musculoskeletal system and ending with the different parts and structures of the human central nervous system.

A college anatomy study guide will also help you learn everything in-between, such as about the special senses, the respiratory and urinary system, as well as the reproductive system. For the skeletal system, software study guides for anatomy can help you learn how each of the skeletal groups interacts and the proper names for each bone in the human body. As you can see, a reliable college anatomy study guide should teach you all of the things that a typical college course would.

Using the Software's Resources

Perhaps the best thing about study books for anatomy is that a study guide will help break down issues concerning the human body and physiology so that anyone can understand them with clarity. Instead of lumping the systems together, a software study guide for human anatomy presents modules or sections for each of the human body anatomical and physiological systems. Having each system and part of the body broken down into smaller modules helps you to learn at your own pace, and it also ensures that you don't get anything mixed up.

When you're looking for a college anatomy study book, the best types are those that come with detailed illustrations. Computer-learning software should contain accurate-looking graphics, pictures, diagrams, and possibly even animations of the human body. Learning with these types of resources from a software study book differs primarily from a textbook as it separates the different information first before putting it all together, which is incredibly helpful to anyone learning the human anatomy.

All things considered, a college anatomy study book provides an excellent complement to actual college courses, or can even act as a stand-alone course if you need to learn about the human body quickly for your profession. With the multiple learning modules and software resources, these study guides for anatomy are essentially detailed cheat-sheets that will save thousands of dollars compared with other options.

Human anatomy and physiology is not that easy to comprehend. One would really have to understand each body organ and learn to discover how one can significantly affect the other organs' functions. Several approaches are made in teaching the said subjects. Conventionally, a teacher-students' discussion in a classroom setting will be observed. Nowadays, most learning institutions have also been starting to utilize a laboratory where preserved body parts or organs may be found. This is one great way for students to better appreciate the course. Film or animated presentations will also be a great help. Furthermore, you may also make use of some detailed and colorful pictures as well. This is an effective tool especially among the little ones who tend to comprehend what they visually perceive more. However, some educators may at times experience the difficulty of where to find human anatomy and physiology pictures. Basically, illustrations regarding the body and its body functions are commonly seen among science and medical text books.

You may also visit local book stores for other published sources like health magazines and journals. Charts regarding the body's anatomy and physiology may also be available as school supplies or merchandises among local stores. In addition, you may also utilize the internet. Several online websites serve as a huge library for every inquiry. You'll surely find one with just some keyboard and mouse clicks.

All in all, it is important to never limit yourself when it comes to learning. Whether you are a medical student, an educator or simply a person who wants to explore more about his surroundings and others, human anatomy and physiology will definitely be an interesting topic to explore on. So what are you waiting for? Grab a textbook or seek some local book stores or online websites for some further references!